List of United States graduate business school rankings
List of United States business school rankings is a tabular listing of all business schools and their affiliated universities located in the United States that are included in one or more of the major public rankings of full-time Master of Business Administration programs. This is not a comprehensive list of business schools in the United States. These rankings are a subset of college and university rankings. Business schools are university-level institutions generally affiliated with a university or college that produces students who attain business administration degrees. Most of the schools listed in the rankings below are accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. Some of the publications shown here have related rankings for undergraduate, part-time and executive curricula. There is currently some controversy among faculty and administrators in American institutions of higher education regarding the request by the surveyors to have college presidents give their subjective opinion of other colleges because some of the methodologies are deemed misleading and a disservice. This has resulted in a movement surrounding the President's letter.[1]
Marketing significance
Business school rankings are important to the various business schools because they are an important marketing tool used to recruit top students, and lure recruiters from the top companies. Business schools attempt to achieve higher rankings in order that they may obtain the top students who will over the course of their careers most likely benefit the school by achieving high ranking positions, attaining great influence, and accumulating great wealth. Such students often are able to help other students attain better (higher paying, more respected and more influential) jobs. Students use the rankings to choose their school,[2] and creators of the rankings produce them to aid in this decision.[3]
Rankings have such importance that business school deans cite improving rankings under significant accomplishments and are said to hire and fire over such successes. A typical quote explaining a rise in rankings can be found by looking at summaries such as "Recruiters believe Georgetown's new dean and career-services director have made speedy progress in producing more polished, marketable graduates."[4] If a dean chooses the wrong strategy it is likely to show up in the results as well: "Recruiters criticized some of the Regional schools for lowering their standards and admitting less-qualified students when their applications plummeted a couple of years ago."[4]
Ranking techniques
The rankings are based on a variety of factors such as standardized test scores of students, salary of recent graduates, survey results of graduates and/or recruiters, the specific schools that choose to participate in a market survey, the number of top companies recruiting at the school and a variety of attributes.[4] The ratings vary significantly by method used to determine the success of each program. For instance, the Forbes and Financial Times results are based on long-term graduate career progress concerns, the Bloomberg Businessweek and Economist polls evaluate short-term experiences of the students with their program, U.S. News & World Report consider the recent experiences of recruiters with the program, and other rankings like the Aspen Institute Beyond Grey Pinstripes measure integration of sustainability material into business programs.[2]
The U.S. News & World Report uses a combination of the objective and subjective as well. The magazine seeks "expert opinion about program quality and statistical indicators that measure the quality of a school's faculty, research, and students." However, it ranks a broad spectrum of professional school programs such as business schools, law schools, and medical schools as well as a variety of programs specific academic disciplines such as the social sciences or humanities.[5] The business opinion data incorporates responses from deans, program directors, and senior faculty about the academic quality of their programs as well as the opinions of professionals who actually do the hiring of the new MBA graduates from the schools. The statistical data combines measures of the qualities of the incoming students and as well as the faculty with measures of post graduate success as related to their degrees.[5] There were 382 programs that responded out of 402 solicited, and the formula used a strict combination of quality assessment (40%), placement success (35%), and student selectivity (25%).[6]
The Bloomberg Businessweek rankings, which are based on three sources of data (a student survey, a survey of corporate recruiters, and an intellectual capital rating), are published in mid-October of even numbered years.[7] The 2006 student survey of 45 online questions of students' ratings of their programs was distributed to 16,595 students three weeks before graduation; there were 9,290 responses. The recruiter survey determines how many MBAs a recruiter's company hired in the previous two years and which schools it actively recruits from. 223 respondents participated out of 426 solicited. The intellectual capital is determined based on a formula incorporating academic publications in journals, books written, and faculty size.[7]
The Forbes magazine methodology was to calculate a five year return on investment for 2002 graduates. Forbes surveyed 18,500 alumni of 102 MBA programs and used their pre-enrollment and post-graduate business school salary information as a basis for comparing post-MBA compensation with the cost of attending the programs.[8]
The Economist Intelligence Unit, the business information arm of the Economist Group, gathered results from two internet questionnaires, one of business schools and one of their students and recent graduates, and used them to rate business schools located all over the world. Information provided by the schools made up 80% of the ranking, with student and alumni responses accounting for only 20%. Factors in the evaluation included faculty:student ratio, GMAT scores of incoming students, student body diversity, foreign languages offered, percentage of graduates finding jobs within three months after graduation, percentage of graduates finding jobs through the school's career service, graduates' salaries and the comparison of pre-enrollment and post-graduation salaries, and student/alumni evaluations of the program, facilities, services, and alumni network. Results were tabulated using a smoothing method incorporating the three previous years' results. The organization used strict data provision thresholds, with the result that some highly regarded schools were omitted from the list of 100 ranked schools.[9]
The Financial Times poll was the result of over 10,000 respondents to nearly 23000 electronic questionnaires of alumni from 155 qualifying business schools. The survey began in July 2006 and all internationally accredited programs that are at least five years old and that have produced at least 30 graduates in each of the last three years were solicited. 113 of the 155 had at least 20 respondents and at least a 20 percent response rate. The questionnaire used twenty criteria in three main areas. The poll actually presents all twenty criteria to the reader. Eight criteria are based on alumni responses; eleven criteria are based on business school responses, and the final criteria is based on a research index produced by the Financial Times.[10] The survey responses are audited by KPMG.[11]
The Financial Times has also produced a "ranking of rankings" summarizing five of the individual rankings (The Economist, Bloomberg Businessweek, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Financial Times). They produce United States, and European summary rankings based on all five and a global summary ranking using the Wall Street Journal, Economist and Financial Times. The summary is based on underlying polls in which a school placed in the top ten using an average of the ordinal placements. The summary excludes the U.S. News & World Report results.[2]
Rankings based on attributes other than standardized test scores, salary of graduates, and similar attributes also exist. The Beyond Grey Pinstripes ranking, compiled by the Aspen Institute and published biannually, is based entirely on the integration of social and environmental stewardship into university curriculum and faculty research. Data for this survey is solicited from university administrators at accredited colleges, and audited by teams of Ph.D. scoring fellows. Rankings are calculated on the amount of sustainability coursework made available to students (20%), amount of student exposure to relevant material (25%), amount of coursework focused on stewardship by for-profit corporations (30%), and relevant faculty research (25%).[12] The 2011 survey and ranking include data from 150 universities.[13]
Criticism
The ranking of business schools has been discussed in articles and on academic websites.[14] Critics of ranking methodologies maintain that any published rankings should be viewed with caution for the following reasons:[15]
- Rankings may exhibit sampling bias by limiting the population size to a small number of schools, ignoring many with excellent offerings.
- The ranking methods may be subject to biases and statistically flawed methodologies, especially for methods relying on subjective interviews of hiring managers.
- The same list of well-known schools appears in each ranking with some variation in ranks, so a school ranked as number 1 in one list may be number 3 in another list.
- Rankings tend to concentrate on the school itself, but some schools offer programs of different qualities (e.g. a school may use highly reputable faculty to teach a daytime program, and use adjunct faculty in its evening program).
- A high rank in a national publication tends to become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
In the specific case of MBA programs, one study found that objectively ranking MBA programs by a combination of graduates' starting salaries and average student GMAT score can reasonably duplicate the top 20 list of the national publications.[15]
Rankings
Historical rankings
The historical rankings of the top MBA programs show little variation, even over a long time period. In 1977, MBA Magazine surveyed business schools deans to come up with a ranking which listed the Stanford Graduate School of Business, Harvard Business School, the Booth School of Business, the MIT Sloan School of Management, and The Wharton School as their top 5.[16] These schools and Columbia Business School and the Kellogg School of Management have always comprised the top 5 schools in every U.S. News & World Report ranking.[17] These seven schools, which are most frequently listed at the top of various rankings (and are the top seven worldwide in the Business Insider ranking) have been referred to as "America's seven most powerful schools".[18]
Current rankings
Below all schools that ranked on any of the lists below are ordered alphabetically and presented with their numerical rankings in the respective lists. The following abbreviations are used in the column headings: USN - U.S. News & World Report, BW - Bloomberg Businessweek, Ec - The Economist, FT - Financial Times, AE - América Economía, CNN - CNN Expansion, and BI - Business Insider.
Business School |
University |
Location |
USN 2011 [19] |
BW 2010 [20] |
Forbes 2011 [21] |
Ec 2011 [22] |
FT 2011 [23] |
AE 2011 [24] |
CNN 2011 [25] |
BI 2011 [26] |
Auburn University College of Business |
Auburn University |
Auburn, Alabama |
63 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Babcock Graduate School of Management |
Wake Forest University |
Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
47 |
48 |
30 |
1000 |
78 |
1000 |
1000 |
48 |
Bennett S. LeBow College of Business |
Drexel University |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
107 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Booth School of Business |
University of Chicago |
Chicago, Illinois |
5 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
12 |
10 |
7 |
6 |
Boston University School of Management |
Boston University |
Boston, Massachusetts |
34 |
38 |
61 |
49 |
68 |
58 |
1000 |
35 |
Brandeis International Business School |
Brandeis University |
Waltham, Massachusetts |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
92 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Carl H. Lindner College of Business |
University of Cincinnati |
Cincinnati, Ohio |
75 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Carlson School of Management |
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities |
Minneapolis, Minnesota |
21 |
28 |
28 |
65 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Carroll School of Management |
Boston College |
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts |
34 |
50 |
53 |
1000 |
74 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Columbia Business School |
Columbia University |
New York, New York |
9 |
9 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
9 |
5 |
Cox School of Business |
Southern Methodist University |
Dallas, Texas |
57 |
12 |
25 |
79 |
88 |
51 |
49 |
1000 |
Crummer Graduate School of Business |
Rollins College |
Winter Park, Florida |
107 |
1000 |
46 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Culverhouse College of Commerce |
University of Alabama |
Tuscaloosa, Alabama |
63 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Darden Graduate School of Business Administration |
University of Virginia |
Charlottesville, Virginia |
13 |
11 |
9 |
4 |
41 |
26 |
1000 |
19 |
David Eccles School of Business |
University of Utah |
Salt Lake City, Utah |
80 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
E.J. Ourso College of Business |
Louisiana State University |
Baton Rouge, Louisiana |
89 |
1000 |
64 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
E. Philip Saunders College of Business |
Rochester Institute of Technology |
Henrietta, New York |
63 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Eli Broad College of Business |
Michigan State University |
East Lansing, Michigan |
49 |
20 |
19 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
34 |
Eller College of Management |
University of Arizona |
Tucson, Arizona |
63 |
1000 |
60 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Fisher College of Business |
The Ohio State University |
Columbus, Ohio |
25 |
32 |
34 |
51 |
72 |
1000 |
1000 |
45 |
Fordham Graduate School of Business |
Fordham University |
New York, New York |
97 |
1000 |
55 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Foster School of Business |
University of Washington |
Seattle, Washington |
37 |
31 |
36 |
35 |
86 |
1000 |
1000 |
50 |
Fox School of Business |
Temple University |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
63 |
1000 |
73 |
89 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
F.W. Olin Graduate School of Business |
Babson College |
Wellesley, Massachusetts |
52 |
39 |
44 |
1000 |
84 |
19 |
1000 |
39 |
Freeman School of Business |
Tulane University |
New Orleans, Louisiana |
40 |
35 |
52 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Fuqua School of Business |
Duke University |
Durham, North Carolina |
12 |
6 |
12 |
20 |
20 |
21 |
1000 |
13 |
Georgia Institute of Technology College of Management |
Georgia Institute of Technology |
Atlanta, Georgia |
28 |
23 |
43 |
1000 |
97 |
1000 |
1000 |
44 |
Goizueta Business School |
Emory University |
Atlanta, Georgia |
23 |
22 |
22 |
28 |
38 |
32 |
35 |
25 |
Graziadio School of Business and Management |
Pepperdine University |
Malibu, California |
75 |
1000 |
74 |
1000 |
92 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Haas School of Business |
University of California, Berkeley |
Berkeley, California |
7 |
8 |
13 |
6 |
25 |
24 |
11 |
10 |
Hankamer School of Business |
Baylor University |
Waco, Texas |
60 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Harvard Business School |
Harvard University |
Boston, Massachusetts |
2 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Howard University School of Business |
Howard University |
Washington, D.C. |
91 |
53 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Hult International Business School |
Hult International Business School |
Cambridge, Massachusetts |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
29 |
61 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Iowa State University College of Business |
Iowa State University |
Ames, Iowa |
69 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Isenberg School of Management |
University of Massachusetts Amherst |
Amherst, Massachusetts |
60 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Management |
Rice University |
Houston, Texas |
34 |
29 |
45 |
53 |
44 |
1000 |
25 |
1000 |
John Cook School of Business |
Saint Louis University |
St. Louis, Missouri |
94 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Katz School of Business |
University of Pittsburgh |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
85 |
54 |
51 |
98 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Kelley School of Business |
Indiana University |
Bloomington, Indiana |
23 |
19 |
27 |
39 |
73 |
54 |
1000 |
38 |
Kellogg School of Management |
Northwestern University |
Evanston, Illinois |
5 |
4 |
7 |
18 |
21 |
11 |
14 |
7 |
Kenan-Flagler Business School |
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill |
Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
19 |
16 |
16 |
47 |
62 |
40 |
30 |
27 |
Kogod School of Business |
American University |
Washington, D.C. |
1000 |
1000 |
68 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Krannert School of Management |
Purdue University |
West Lafayette, Indiana |
49 |
41 |
40 |
85 |
74 |
1000 |
1000 |
43 |
Leavey School of Business |
Santa Clara University |
Santa Clara, California |
75 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Leeds School of Business |
University of Colorado, Boulder |
Boulder, Colorado |
69 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Lubin School of Business |
Pace University |
New York, New York |
97 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Marriott School of Management |
Brigham Young University |
Provo, Utah |
32 |
27 |
15 |
1000 |
91 |
1000 |
1000 |
46 |
Marshall School of Business |
University of Southern California |
Los Angeles, California |
21 |
26 |
39 |
22 |
64 |
57 |
1000 |
32 |
Martin J. Whitman School of Management |
Syracuse University |
Syracuse, New York |
69 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Mason School of Business |
The College of William & Mary |
Williamsburg, Virginia |
83 |
47 |
41 |
1000 |
86 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Mays Business School |
Texas A&M University |
College Station, Texas |
32 |
30 |
24 |
1000 |
44 |
1000 |
45 |
1000 |
McCallum Graduate School of Business |
Bentley University |
Waltham, Massachusetts |
73 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
McCombs School of Business |
University of Texas at Austin |
Austin, Texas |
17 |
25 |
17 |
31 |
49 |
28 |
29 |
23 |
McDonough School of Business |
Georgetown University |
Washington, D.C. |
25 |
33 |
35 |
44 |
38 |
25 |
32 |
24 |
Mendoza College of Business |
University of Notre Dame |
South Bend, Indiana |
37 |
24 |
31 |
40 |
80 |
52 |
31 |
29 |
Merage School of Business |
University of California, Irvine |
Irvine, California |
40 |
1000 |
69 |
1000 |
53 |
50 |
47 |
40 |
MIT Sloan School of Management |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Cambridge, Massachusetts |
3 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
9 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
Moore School of Business |
University of South Carolina |
Columbia, South Carolina |
54 |
1000 |
70 |
99 |
80 |
1000 |
48 |
1000 |
Naveen Jindal School of Management |
University of Texas at Dallas |
Richardson, Texas |
40 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Neeley School of Business |
Texas Christian University |
Fort Worth, Texas |
80 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Northeastern Graduate School of Business Administration |
Northeastern University |
Boston, Massachusetts |
56 |
56 |
65 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Olin Business School |
Washington University in St. Louis |
St. Louis, Missouri |
20 |
40 |
47 |
56 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
36 |
Owen Graduate School of Management |
Vanderbilt University |
Nashville, Tennessee |
28 |
37 |
33 |
34 |
51 |
41 |
39 |
37 |
Pamplin College of Business |
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
Blacksburg, Virginia |
73 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management |
Claremont Graduate University |
Claremont, California |
63 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Robert H. Smith School of Business |
University of Maryland, College Park |
College Park, Maryland |
45 |
42 |
38 |
52 |
40 |
42 |
1000 |
1000 |
Ross School of Business |
University of Michigan |
Ann Arbor, Michigan |
14 |
7 |
14 |
30 |
24 |
30 |
28 |
20 |
Rutgers Business School |
Rutgers University |
Newark and New Brunswick, New Jersey |
57 |
55 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management |
Cornell University |
Ithaca, New York |
16 |
13 |
8 |
25 |
30 |
39 |
1000 |
14 |
Sam M. Walton College of Business |
University of Arkansas |
Fayetteville, Arkansas |
51 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Simon School of Business |
University of Rochester |
Rochester, New York |
45 |
43 |
32 |
1000 |
52 |
37 |
1000 |
47 |
Smeal College of Business |
Penn State University |
University Park, Pennsylvania |
40 |
44 |
26 |
50 |
59 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Stanford Graduate School of Business |
Stanford University |
Stanford, California |
1 |
5 |
2 |
8 |
4 |
8 |
2 |
2 |
Stern School of Business |
New York University |
New York, New York |
10 |
18 |
18 |
12 |
15 |
12 |
13 |
15 |
Tepper School of Business |
Carnegie Mellon University |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
18 |
15 |
23 |
16 |
41 |
29 |
24 |
18 |
Terry College of Business |
University of Georgia |
Athens, Georgia |
57 |
36 |
42 |
90 |
93 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
The George Washington University School of Business |
George Washington University |
Washington, D.C. |
52 |
52 |
1000 |
68 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
42 |
The Wharton School |
University of Pennsylvania |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
3 |
3 |
4 |
15 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
3 |
Thunderbird School of Global Management |
1000 |
Glendale, Arizona |
75 |
45 |
54 |
87 |
68 |
56 |
1000 |
33 |
Tippie College of Business |
University of Iowa |
Iowa City, Iowa |
40 |
1000 |
21 |
59 |
64 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Trulaske College of Business |
University of Missouri |
Columbia, Missouri |
54 |
1000 |
63 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Tuck School of Business |
Dartmouth College |
Hanover, New Hampshire |
7 |
14 |
6 |
1 |
18 |
17 |
11 |
8 |
UC Davis Graduate School of Management |
University of California, Davis |
Davis, California |
28 |
1000 |
72 |
61 |
83 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
UCLA Anderson School of Management |
University of California, Los Angeles |
Los Angeles, California |
14 |
17 |
20 |
27 |
31 |
22 |
23 |
21 |
UIUC College of Business |
University of Illinois |
Champaign, Illinois |
37 |
46 |
56 |
1000 |
46 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
University at Buffalo School of Management |
University at Buffalo, The State University of New York |
Buffalo, New York |
75 |
57 |
48 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
University of Connecticut School of Business |
University of Connecticut |
Hartford, Connecticut |
69 |
1000 |
37 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
University of Miami School of Business Administration |
University of Miami |
Coral Gables, Florida |
85 |
1000 |
59 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
University of Tennessee College of Business Administration |
University of Tennessee |
Knoxville, Tennessee |
60 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
W. P. Carey School of Business |
Arizona State University |
Tempe, Arizona |
27 |
49 |
66 |
1000 |
64 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Warrington College of Business Administration |
University of Florida |
Gainesville, Florida |
47 |
1000 |
67 |
97 |
94 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Weatherhead School of Management |
Case Western Reserve University |
Cleveland, Ohio |
80 |
51 |
49 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Wisconsin School of Business |
University of Wisconsin, Madison |
Madison, Wisconsin |
28 |
34 |
29 |
45 |
63 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
Yale School of Management |
Yale University |
New Haven, Connecticut |
10 |
21 |
11 |
26 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
12 |
Zicklin School of Business |
Baruch College |
New York, New York |
85 |
1000 |
50 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
1000 |
References
- ^ "President's Letter". The Education Conservancy. http://www.educationconservancy.org/presidents_letter.html.
- ^ a b c Bradshaw, Della and Wai Kwen Chan (2007-01-29). "How the rankings compare: A matter of judgment". The Financial Times Ltd. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/3ed8a91e-ad5a-11db-8709-0000779e2340,dwp_uuid=991cbd66-9258-11da-977b-0000779e2340.html. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions–Rankings". U.S.News & World Report. L.P.. http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/about/faq_meth_brief.php#one. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ a b c Alsop, Ronald (2006-09-20). "The Top Business Schools: Something Old, Something New". The Wall Street Journal Online. Dow Jones & Company, Inc.. http://www.careerjournal.com/reports/bschool06/20060920-alsop-mblede.html. Retrieved 2007-12-18.
- ^ a b Morse, Robert J. and Samuel Flanigan. "How We Do the Numbers". U.S.News & World Report. L.P.. http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/about/08method_brief.php. Retrieved 2007-12-07.
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